Parkinson’s cases will double to 25 million by 2050, BMJ study says

06 March 2025 Laura Vickers-Green
News

A new modelling study published today in the BMJ (British Medical Journal) suggests there will be 25 million people living with Parkinson’s worldwide by 2050, more than doubling the current global prevalence of Parkinson’s.

Researchers from Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, conducted this latest modelling study using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study to predict the prevalence of Parkinson’s in 195 countries and territories from 2022 to 2050.

The findings suggest the number of people living with the condition in 2050 will be 25.2 million, a 112% increase compared to 2021.

The study also looked at the the factors driving changes in Parkinson’s cases, concluding this sharp rise will largely be due to an ageing population.

Projected age standardised prevalence (per 100 000) of Parkinson’s disease in 2050, by country and territory for both sexes combined

Which countries will have the most Parkinson’s cases?

Researchers said Parkinson’s will become more common across the world, but countries with poorer socioeconomic status, as well as those with the largest ageing populations, will see the biggest increase in cases. The study also noted that risk factors included environmental agents (like air pollution and pesticides), climate change, unhealthy lifestyle, metabolic diseases, and dietary factors.

East Asia will see the highest number of cases – 10.9 million – with China and Japan most affected, whereas the largest increase in cases will be in western Sub-Saharan Africa, where people are generally living longer than before.

In Europe, cases are expected to rise by 50% in Western Europe, and by 28% in Central and Eastern Europe.

The European countries with the highest prevalence rates won’t differ much to the most-affected countries now – Germany, Italy, France, Spain and the UK – but the numbers of cases will of course see a sharp rise, according to the modelling study.

Germany, for instance, is expected to have 574,000 cases in 2050 (up from 414,000 in the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study), whereas the UK is expected to have 307,000 cases (vs. 199,000), and France and Spain will both top 350,000 Parkinson’s cases (up from 241,000 and 200,000, respectively).

One European anomaly was Italy: the modelling study predicts the number of Parkinson’s cases will actually fall to 177,000 in 2050, down from 190,000 in 2021.

Estimated top 10 countries with highest number of Parkinson’s disease (PD) cases in 1990, 2021, 2030, 2040, and 2050 globally. Corresponding boxes present number of PD cases in this country and their proportion among global PD patients, as well as global count

What does this study mean?

We already know that Parkinson’s is the fastest-growing neurological condition in the world, and similar predictions about prevalence numbers have been around for a while, but this study is an important reminder that Parkinson’s is growing at an alarming rate, and will also go on to affect some countries’ healthcare systems much more than others.

“By 2050 Parkinson’s disease will have become a greater public health challenge for patients, their families, care givers, communities, and society,” the study authors concluded, adding a suggestion that this study “could serve as an aid in promoting health research, informing policy decisions, and allocating resources.”

This is something our Strategic Director, Amelia Hursey, agrees with. Speaking to EuroNews, Amelia said:

“It just shows that it absolutely needs to be addressed now, because there is no way that any of the global health services can cope with that level of demand from one specific condition.”

Parkinson’s UK Director of Research, David Dexter, added:

“This very welcome study reminds us that Parkinson’s is growing quickly across the world. Until we find a cure, it’s vital that people with Parkinson’s, regardless of their location, socioeconomic group or race, have access to research opportunities, good quality care and support that enables them to live well with the condition.”

Find out more key Parkinson’s statistics.

“People don’t talk about it”: new film explores impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s

German neurologist Dr Ines Debove and filmmaker Bettina Rotzetter discuss their latest film, Beyond Impulse, about impulse control disorders in people with Parkinson’s
26 February 2025 Verity Willcocks
Stories
Image credit: Bettina Rotzetter and Fernwerk Films

Over the six years that German neurologist Dr Ines Debove and filmmaker Bettina Rotzetter have been making films featuring people with Parkinson’s, they have not shied away from difficult topics. Their sixth and most recent film, Beyond Impulse, released in December 2024, focuses on impulse control disorders.

Ines, who is Attending Physician at the Centre for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, at Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland, chose the subject because she wanted to explore impulse control disorders in people with Parkinson’s in greater depth and to encourage more dialogue about the subject.

“I think it’s really a very important topic, because people don’t talk about it,” says Ines. “[Through this film] we can encourage the community by showing them that there is no shame in talking about it and that people need to talk [to their neurologist] to receive help.”

Explaining impulse control disorders and Parkinson’s on film

For those taking dopamine agonist medication, developing an impulse control disorder can be a common side effect. It can manifest in them becoming almost obsessed by a certain activity – which can range from the relatively harmless, such as a compulsion to draw or paint, to the potentially harmful, such as hypersexuality or gambling, which can have a devastating and wide-reaching effect on a person’s life from all perspectives – from relationships to financial stability.

One of the experts interviewed for Beyond Impulse, Professor Daniel Weintraub, professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania, explains the damaging impact of impulse control disorders in this new Parkinson’s film: “It’s partly the repetitive nature of these behaviours, that people seem to have trouble controlling them, so even if it’s a behaviour that in and of itself isn’t so harmful, let’s say, somebody engaging in a new hobby, it’s the fact that the person may be engaging in this behaviour all day and all night long – that then becomes disruptive to their life and to the life of the people around them.”

Prof Weintraub also highlights another problematic aspect of impulse control disorders – that people affected often have “a loss of insight”. “People may not recognise that it’s having an impact on others, and either for that reason or just for neurobiological reasons, they’re not able to control the behaviours,” he says.

Filmmaker Bettina Rotzetter and German neurologist Dr Ines Debove

Living with an impulse control disorder

In the film we meet people with Parkinson’s with various impulse control disorders. Among them are an anonymous lady who has experienced hypersexuality. Also featured is Samantha, a teacher and mother who describes her intense creative urges to paint as the “silver lining” alongside the emotional and cognitive changes she has noticed from taking her medication. Although she has become more creative, she reveals that planning and organising her life has become much harder.

Then there’s Emma, who no longer has an impulse control disorder, but remembers what it was like: “I felt like Superwoman. I could go on and on the whole night and work the whole night and still get up in the morning and feel super.”

Bettina explains why they wanted to include her in the film: “She was already in the reflection phase, so we felt she was very valuable to the audience, because she is now looking back, thinking, oh, what I did back then was kind of crazy.”

In addition, Gottfried and his wife and carer Helga give an insight into how having an impulse control disorder affects a person’s loved ones. Gottfried experienced a surge in creativity and began crafting beautiful items from wood and metal, but he got so immersed in it that he couldn’t stop. Then, when his dopamine levels were low, he would become incredibly depressed and fearful, and these extreme mood swings put his relationship with Helga under strain.

“I felt heard”: this Parkinson’s film shows it’s good to talk

Still from Parkinson's film Beyond Impulse
Image credit: Bettina Rotzetter and Fernwerk Films

Ines and Bettina have found that taking part in the film has had a beneficial impact on the participants’ lives, often encouraging them to reflect more on their situation.

Bettina cites Helga as an example: “She said, ‘Look, I felt heard. And it was a very important process for me because I could basically voice what I was going through.’”

Bettina continues: “Helga was very grateful and also reflective – even though she was talking about the negative emotions she went through with [Gottfried]. It brought them closer together, because they were reflecting on a very difficult phase in their lives, and despite this difficult period, they somehow found a connection again.”

Diagnosing and treating people with impulse control disorders

Still from Parkinson's film Beyond Impulse
Image credit: Bettina Rotzetter and Fernwerk Films

The film also discusses the challenge neurologists face when trying to help people who are living with an impulse control disorder. Ines says that prevention is best: regular monitoring of those taking Parkinson’s medication is essential, and that people with Parkinson’s need to be informed of the risks. But, she adds, this doesn’t always stop someone from developing an impulse control disorder: “It still happens, despite the fact they are informed.”

Part of the problem is that some people are not aware that their behaviour has changed – or they are enjoying the boost in energy or creativity they experience and want to keep feeling this way. Others, if they are aware, feel shame about admitting to some behaviours. For these reasons, people can be reluctant to tell their neurologist what is going on.

Ines says in the film: “In their impulse control disorder, they are much more productive, they can do in three hours what other people can do in six or eight hours, so they feel really powerful during these phases, and then we as doctors come there as a party pooper and say: ‘We have to now lower the dosage of the dopamine agonist’ and they are not happy.”

Detecting changed sleep patterns can alert neurologists that someone might have a problem. “If they don’t get enough sleep, we should be very much aware,” says Ines. “And sleep is not a shame-related topic. So, if we are smart and ask, ‘OK, look, when do you go to sleep? When do you get up? And the patient tells you, ‘Ah, I go to sleep at midnight, and I get up at three or four in the morning,’ that is not very good.”

In the end, explains Ines, neurologists have to be brutally honest with the person with Parkinson’s about the consequences of not addressing the impulse control disorder by adjusting their medication.

“I tell them, ‘Look, it doesn’t help you if you lie to me and say, yeah, I’m doing it, and the next time I realise nothing changed.’ That’s what I like very much about Professor Kay Redfield Jamison [who appears in the film], because she said you have to convince somebody what will happen if you don’t [tell your neurologist about this and have the medication reduced]: you’re going to jail, you’re going to lose money, you’re going to lose your family,” says Ines.

New Parkinson’s film Beyond Impulse is available to watch on YouTube and has subtitles in five different languages.

Yuvedo Foundation: “Our holistic approach unites science with advocacy, sport, art and music”

Parkinson’s Europe speaks to Dr. Jörg Karenfort, cofounder of German Parkinson’s advocacy organisation the YUVEDO Foundation, which is fighting the condition with science and culture
17 February 2025 Verity Willcocks
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Yuvedo Foundation co-founders Jens Greve and Dr. Jörg Karenfort with YUVEDO director Uwe Radelof

It may be small in size, but its impact is immense: the Berlin-based YUVEDO Foundation has rapidly become a driving force in the fight against Parkinson’s. Since its establishment in 2019 by Dr. Jörg Karenfort and Jens Greve – both diagnosed with the disease in 2013 – the foundation has built a reputation for combining science, advocacy and cultural engagement in its pursuit of a cure.

Dr. Karenfort, a leading business lawyer, is no stranger to tackling complex challenges. He brings the same strategic mindset that has defined his legal career to YUVEDO, working tirelessly to shift the paradigm of Parkinson’s treatment from symptom management to potential cure.

The Yuvedo Foundation: uniting science with culture

“We take a holistic approach that unites science with advocacy, sports, art and music,” explains Dr. Karenfort, who juggles his role as CEO with his legal career. More than just a research-driven organisation, YUVEDO provides platforms for people with Parkinson’s, creating events that range from scientific discussions to artistic expression.

Among its accomplishments, YUVEDO has organised two leadership workshops, formulated a roadmap towards a cure, and engaged in advocacy both in Berlin and Brussels. These efforts have drawn the attention of German Minister of Health Dr. Karl Lauterbach, who praised the foundation’s work on World Parkinson’s Day 2024, stating: “This is a disease, but also a challenge – one that can be overcome, as the example of Dr. Jörg Karenfort shows.”

The foundation has also taken its mission on the road – literally. In recent years, YUVEDO has organised major cycling tours, including routes from Cologne to Baden-Baden and from Berlin to Brussels, designed to raise awareness and funds. In 2021, it hosted the ITTF World Parkinson’s Table Tennis Championships in Berlin, highlighting the therapeutic power of sport.

Meanwhile, its creative projects – such as the ‘Little Victories’ song by German singer Laura Korinth, featuring lyrics by Karenfort – have used the arts to give a voice to the Parkinson’s community.

Fighting for a cure

YUVEDO is also working hard to help find better treatments for Parkinson’s – and a cure. The foundation is at the forefront of exploring novel treatment strategies, including the potential role of the gut microbiome in neurodegenerative diseases.

As part of this effort, the foundation has partnered with leading researchers, including Professor Aiden Haghikia from the University of Magdeburg, and is advocating for increased funding for promising therapies.

Dr. Karenfort is also deeply involved in a groundbreaking, EU-funded research initiative in collaboration with Maastricht University, which is investigating whether existing drugs used for other conditions – such as diabetes or leukemia – could be repurposed to treat Parkinson’s.

Prof. Dr. Karl Lauterbach, German Minister of Health, and Dr. Jörg Karenfort
Prof. Dr. Karl Lauterbach, German Minister of Health, and Dr. Jörg Karenfort

The Yuvedo Foundation in 2025: BerlinCulture Brain Project

For 2025, YUVEDO’s focus shifts to the intersection of culture and neuroscience. “We want to initiate scientific studies exploring whether cultural activities can help preserve brain health and mitigate Parkinson’s symptoms,” says Dr. Karenfort.

Called the BerlinCulture Brain Project, the plan involves launching three studies in collaboration with prominent researchers, examining the role of music, visual arts and storytelling in managing the disease.

The results won’t just be confined to academia. Once the studies are complete, the foundation envisions a travelling exhibition featuring artwork, poetry and stories created by people with Parkinson’s, ensuring that the insights gained are shared with the broader public. A musical element will likely be incorporated as well.

Other upcoming plans include another cross-border cycling tour from Germany to Luxembourg and France, as well as a book featuring poetry and song lyrics written by people with Parkinson’s. Dr. Karenfort’s own lyrics from ‘Little Victories’ will feature in the collection, reinforcing the foundation’s message of resilience and hope.

“We receive letters thanking us”

For Dr. Karenfort, the fight against Parkinson’s is deeply personal. “We receive letters – sometimes handwritten, pages long – from people with Parkinson’s or their families, thanking us for giving them hope. That’s what drives me to work harder,” he says.

The Berlin-based organisation has proved that passion, science and activism can combine to create real impact. If YUVEDO’s ambitious plans come to fruition, the fight against Parkinson’s may not just be about managing symptoms – but finding a cure.

Find out more at the Yuvedo Foundation website or explore our other Member Organisations

“You don’t have to go through this alone”: Alberto Amil Lago and Diego Santos García on the Degén Foundation

Alberto Amil Lago, who has Parkinson’s, and is Honorary President of Spain’s Degén Foundation, and Diego Santos, its new President, talk to Parkinson’s Europe about the organisation they set up together, which is working hard to improve life for Spanish-speaking people with Parkinson’s through education, community and research
06 February 2025 Verity Willcocks
Stories
Diego Santos García and Alberto Amil Lago

“When I was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, I found that there was a great lack of knowledge about it,” says 53-year-old Alberto Amil Lago, who lives in A Coruña in northwest Spain. He was also, understandably, concerned that there was no cure.

Alberto was 38 when he was diagnosed with Early Onset Parkinson’s in 2011. The neurologist who gave him this life-changing news was Diego Santos García, who currently works as Coordinator of the Movement Disorders Unit at the Department of Neurology in CHUAC (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña in Galicia) and Hospital San Rafael, A Coruña.

When Alberto spoke to Diego, who had become a friend, about his concerns, they decided to set up a foundation to help find a cure for Parkinson’s and to educate the Parkinson’s community about the condition. Established in 2015, it started out as the Curemos el Parkinson (Let’s Cure Parkinson’s) Foundation before becoming the Degén Foundation, broadening its scope to include all neurodegenerative conditions.

“This joint journey began with a single objective: to improve the quality of life of people who suffer from one of these diseases, as well as [find] the cure for neurodegenerative diseases,” says Alberto, who became the Foundation’s first President.

“Together against neurodegenerative diseases”

Today, in the field of Parkinson’s, the Foundation, a not-for-profit private organisation, aims to promote research to help find a cure, to inform people with Parkinson’s about the condition, and to create community among them, with the chief aim of improving their quality of life.

“The central motto of the Foundation is ‘Together against neurodegenerative diseases’,” says Diego, before explaining how important it is for those with Parkinson’s to be part of a patient community.

“‘Together’ also refers to the fact that within the field of research, another of the Foundation’s pillars, the collaboration of numerous agents of society, is necessary to one day achieve a cure and eradication of these diseases,” he says.

The Foundation’s community website conoceelparkinson.org, set up to educate and inform people with Parkinson’s about the condition, is now the most visited Spanish-language Parkinson’s portal in the world, with 15,000 Facebook followers.

Diego puts its success down to the “quality of the product”. “From the beginning, the project was managed with the patient in mind, understanding that there was a clear desire for information on the part of patients, which was largely unsatisfied. To do so, we have surrounded ourselves with fantastic collaborators, both in strategy and in the writing of the content.”

“You don’t have to go through this alone”

And this year the Foundation is going further by launching the Degén Community project, with a motto of “You don’t have to go through this alone”.

“The Degén Community is very ambitious and wide-ranging,” says Diego. “Our great challenge is to become the main community of Parkinson’s patients in the Spanish-speaking world and in particular to be able to positively influence their quality of life through emotional support and comprehensive care programmes, both of which are necessary for any Parkinson’s patient and both of which are absent in the health systems of Spain and Latin America. Specifically, we will try to demonstrate with facts that it is possible to organise and implement a comprehensive patient care system that is cost-efficient and with measurable positive results,” he says.

He continues, “With this we want to directly address the Parkinson’s disease patient who often suffers from feeling isolated and who finds it difficult to remain connected to his world because he feels misunderstood and ends up withdrawing. We want to help with that,” he says.

Research is key for the Degén Foundation

Research is also a key part of the Foundation’s work. Early on, it set up COPPADIS, an award-winning study conceived by Diego to investigate the progression of Parkinson’s. Alberto would become one of nearly 700 people with Parkinson’s in Spain and other countries who have taken part in this far-reaching project. One of the largest studies in Europe, it has generated over 100 papers and abstracts to improve our understanding of the condition.

And the research continues. Diego explains: “We are currently conducting several studies such as Inlevo-Life PD, which analyses the impact of inhaled levodopa in patients with Off episodes. We are also collaborating on the EPA TcD ESP project, which consists of creating a registry of patients undergoing therapy with devices for analysis over a period of five to 10 years, which will allow us to collect a lot of valuable information.

“We have also joined forces with the National Biobank Platform to launch a brain donation programme for people affected by Parkinson’s. The 12 brain banks that are part of the project, together with the work in COPPADIS, will represent an important advance in Parkinson’s research, allowing us to study the entire evolution of the disease, from diagnosis to death, and therefore take us closer to our goal of beating Parkinson’s.

“In addition, we are evaluating and looking for partners to be able to continue with the COPPADIS project in order to extend the follow-up period from seven to 10 years, which is a milestone in the sector,” says Diego.

Looking ahead

The Foundation has received many awards for its work, and Diego is rightly proud of what the organisation he and Alberto set up has done and continues to do. “I am very proud of what we have achieved, since we started out as a small Foundation, with few resources but with a lot of desire and enthusiasm. Over the years, we have had mistakes and successes, but we have become, I believe, a reference player in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson’s disease, in Spain.”

Unfortunately, a deterioration in Alberto’s health due to Parkinson’s and a more recent diagnosis of ALS, meant that in April last year he had to pass the presidency of the Foundation to Diego, but Alberto is in no doubt that it is in good hands.

“Given that this project has been something that the two of us started together, I believe that there could not be a better president than Diego who could take on this baton,” he says.

He adds that, “Although I am Honorary President of the Degén Foundation, I continue to fight to achieve my goal, which is to find a cure for neurodegenerative diseases.”

Find out more about the Degén Foundation