Freezing with Parkinson’s: what it is, why it happens and treatment available

24 April 2025 Sarah Dawson and Josefa Domingos
Advice

While not everyone will experience freezing, it is a common symptom of Parkinson’s, particularly in the middle to late stages. Suddenly losing the ability to move for a few seconds or minutes can be upsetting, but the more you understand freezing, the easier it is to navigate through.

Here we talk about what freezing with Parkinson’s actually is, why it occurs and the range of treatments available to help. Physiotherapist (and President of Parkinson’s Europe) Josefa Domingos – who has spent decades specialising in physiotherapy for Parkinson’s – has approved the following advice.

See our article on tips to help with Parkinson’s and freezing

What is freezing with Parkinson’s?

Freezing can be a common symptom of Parkinson’s. It is sometimes described by people with Parkinson’s as feeling like your feet are ‘glued’ to the ground. This can last for a few seconds or minutes. When freezing occurs, your feet will feel ‘frozen’ or stuck to the ground, although the top half of your body will still be mobile.

It happens suddenly, mainly when turning, walking or taking the first step after stopping. This last one is called ‘start hesitation’, which is when you find it difficult to initiate a movement. This might happen, for example, when you try to step forward just after getting up or when you start getting out of bed. It can also occur in speech or writing.

Why do people with Parkinson’s freeze?

Not everyone with Parkinson’s will experience freezing, and some people are more prone to this symptom than others. It tends to occur more frequently as Parkinson’s progresses. It also seems to be more prevalent in those whose initial symptoms include gait problems, and less prevalent in people who initially present with tremor.

There does appear to be a link to long-term use of levodopa, although freezing can also be experienced by people who do not take the drug, so it is not simply a side effect of medication.

The exact cause of freezing is still unclear, but it is thought to occur when there is an interruption to a familiar or automatic sequence of movements.

Freezing when walking

During walking, freezing is mainly observed when:

  • your medication is ‘wearing off’ and no longer controlling symptoms as well
  • you are turning or changing direction, especially in a small space
  • you are walking towards doorways, chairs or around obstacles
  • you are distracted by another task when you are walking
  • you are in places that are crowded, cluttered or have highly patterned flooring
  • the ‘flow’ of your walking is interrupted by an object, by someone talking, or if you begin to concentrate on something else. All of these will stop you from being able to keep a rhythm going
  • you are in a group situation or in conversation

Some people with Parkinson’s have ‘on’ and ‘off’ periods. This is when they switch from being able to move when their medication level is higher (on) to being unable to move without difficulty when their medication level is low (off).

Many people notice that freezing is worse when their medication level is low, when they are ‘off’. But freezing is not the same as being ‘on’ or ‘off’.

Treatment and management of freezing

There are lots of things you can do to help yourself, as well as lots of support available from experienced professionals.

Medication

The most important factor in treating freezing is establishing whether or not it responds to standard Parkinson’s medication. Freezing that occurs during ‘off’ periods, when medication is not working well, often responds well to adjustments in the timing and dosage of drugs. Always discuss any changes to medication with your doctor, or Parkinson’s nurse if you have one.

Parkinson's and freezing: what it is, why it happens and treatment available

Freezing that is not related to ‘off’ periods is rare – less than 5% of cases – and doesn’t generally respond well to standard medication or adjustments to timing and dosage. In this case, for some people reducing the amount of dopamine medication you take may make freezing less likely during ‘on’ periods.

Physiotherapy or occupational therapy

A physiotherapist or occupational therapist can teach techniques to avoid freezing and recommend compensations strategies to deal with it if it happens. They will work with you, assessing your home and daily routine, to recommend any changes that might help you avoid freezing, or suggest ways to overcome it if an episode occurs. A therapist can also advise on techniques to reduce anxiety, which may trigger your freezing episodes.

They can even advise on things like the best footwear to minimise freezing and suitable walking aids – some are not recommended for people with Parkinson’s and can increase the likelihood of freezing.

Parkinson’s can affect your posture and balance. A physiotherapist can also show techniques and exercises to help with these and reduce your risk of falling forward if you freeze.

Exercise

Regular exercise is very important for people with Parkinson’s. Talk to your physiotherapist, who can suggest the best form of exercise for you. There is strong evidence to show supervised treadmill training, aqua therapy and dance can improve freezing.

Surgery

If other interventions do not help, deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery can be effective in treating freezing episodes in some, but not all, people with Parkinson’s.

Find out more about freezing in Parkinson’s

Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Dr Jorik Nonnekes (Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands) for his help in reviewing this information; Parkinson’s UK for permission to use this source in compiling this information, and Josefa Domingos for reviewing this article.

10 highlights from World Parkinson’s Day events in 2025

Our roundup of photos and videos from the biggest World Parkinson's Day events, campaigns and fundraisers from 2025
14 April 2025 Laura Vickers-Green
News
A fountain lit up for Spark the Night in Rome, Italy

Last Friday 11 April we once again saw the Parkinson’s community unite to raise up each other’s voices for the 2025 edition of World Parkinson’s Day, with events, campaigns and other special awareness-raising activities taking place across the globe in solidarity with people with Parkinson’s everywhere.

2025 truly seemed like the biggest World Parkinson’s Day ever, with social media coming alive with organisations and individuals sharing their World Parkinson’s day messages, events, photos and video – it was almost impossible to keep up with you all!

We’ve rounded up some of the best moments from World Parkinson’s Day 2025 so you can look back at the major events that happened on the day:

Worldwide events for World Parkinson’s Day

1. Spark the Night

This year’s Spark The Night campaign was bigger than ever, with volunteers from dozens of countries across the world contacting their local councils and district representatives to ask them to light up notable buildings and landmarks in blue to raise awareness for World Parkinson’s Day. From the Netherlands to New York, Germany to Ghana, Slovenia to Saskatoon and beyond, the night sky was lit up in blue for people with Parkinson’s.

Here’s just a few of the highlights shared on social media:

 

 

Društvo Trepetlika (the Slovenia Parkinson’s organisation) trip to Gasilska brigada in Ljubljana, Slovenia:

A photo of a World Parkinson's Day event in Slovenia, featuring the old fire house lit up in blue for Spark the Night

Rome, Italy

 

 

View this post on Instagram

 

A post shared by SkyView de pier (@skyviewdepier)

 

 

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A post shared by Paqui Ruiz (@by_pruiz)

2. The Sit-to-Stand Challenge

 


Stand Up To Parkinson’s was back for another year with its global exercise challenge, encouraging people around the world to collectively complete as many “sit to stand” exercises as possible for Parkinson’s awareness. Their website counter current sits at almost 1 million sit-to-stands completed worldwide – with groups like the North Carolina branch of Rock Steady Boxing submitting over 12,000 reps between them!

3. Insight into Parkinson’s conference (Australia)

 

 

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A post shared by PD Warrior (@pdwarrior4parkinsons)

This mammoth three-day virtual conference from PD Warrior in Australia had expert-led sessions giving insight into exercise, living well with Parkinson’s, Parkinson’s research updates and much more. Around 6,000 people tuned in live from across the world to listen to speakers including Professor Michael Okun, Professor Ray Dorsey and Dr Laurie Mischley.

World Parkinson’s Day events in 2025 across Europe and beyond

4. The history of the tulip, as told by Parkinson’s Europe

We took a touching trip back in time to the first ever World Parkinson’s Day with our co-founder Lizzie Graham, who told the story of how the tulip became the symbol of Parkinson’s across the world in both a special podcast episode and an article for Parkinson’s Life.

5. Birdie Belgium releases “It’s Hard to See” single – Belgium

World Parkinson’s Day was also a special day for singer-songwriter Birdie Belgium, who released her single “It’s Hard to See” in honour of her mum Hilde’s 14-year struggle with Parkinson’s. We interviewed Birdie about her song earlier this month – and half of all proceeds from CD sales go to Prof. Bas Bloem’s research on the benefits of art for people with Parkinson’s.

6. Pesticide-Free Day demonstration at The Hague, the Netherlands


Over 1,000 people from 100 organisations (including Parkinson Vereniging) marched through The Hague in the Netherlands to call on politicians to do more to tackle pesticides (some of which have been linked with Parkinson’s) and work towards a pesticide-free future.

It wasn’t just the Netherlands taking a stand against pesticides on World Parkinson’s Day – France Parkinson also released a statement joining the call for the EU to reconsider its approval of the pesticide glyphosate, a pesticide which research has shown may be a cause of Parkinson’s.

 

7. “Big Sing” event by the Movers and Shakers podcast at the Houses of Parliament, UK

This goosebump-giving moment shows hundreds of people gathered outside the Houses of Parliament in London, UK singing a special Parkinson’s-themed version of Gloria Gaynor’s 1970s classic “I Will Survive”, all to raise awareness of the Movers and Shakers podcast’s petition to adopt their “Parky Charter” and increase funding for people with Parkinson’s in the UK.

8. National Parkinson’s Congress, Portugal


Portuguese Parkinson’s association APDPk celebrated World Parkinson’s Day with its annual conference in Porto, featuring lectures on the latest developments in Parkinson’s diagnosis and research, workshops on physiotherapy and music therapy, and the above performance by the tulip choir.

9. World Parkinson’s Day event in Poland

In Poland, the Brain Disease Foundation hosted this hybrid conference at the Polish Press Agency in Warsaw, featuring a range of neurology experts, representatives from the Ministry of Health, and people with Parkinson’s. They addressed Parkinson’s care in Poland in comparison to the rest of Europe, considering what treatments are available and what systemic change is needed to improve the quality of life for people living with Parkinson’s in Poland. You can watch the entire hour-long broadcast above.

10. World Parkinson’s Day procession, Kenya

Among several events taking place across Africa, the Parkinson’s Support Group of Kenya held an impressive programme of events to mark World Parkinson’s Day in Nairobi (as well as further afield in Kilifi), including a march for Parkinson’s awareness, musical and dance performances, and free eye tests for people living with Parkinson’s. Parkinson’s advocate Dr Tash Fothergill-Misbah from Transforming Parkinson’s Care in Africa was also present to help raise awareness of the needs of people with Parkinson’s across Kenya and the wider continent.

Did you join in with any World Parkinson’s Day events in 2025? Keep up the good work by signing up to our mailing list and Engagement Network so you never miss the latest news, events and opportunities.